Treatment Steps

• Apply local anesthesia
• If possible, isolate tooth with rubber dam
• Clean the area with water spray, saline, or chlorhexidine
• Disinfect with sodium hypochlorite or Peridex®
• Apply pulp capping material (calcium hydroxide compound or composite resin mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA))
• Seal exposed dentin with glass ionomer cement or composite resin 
• Restore with composite resin
• Follow-up: clinical and radiographic controls after 6-8 weeks and 1 year
• In young patients with open apices, it is very important to preserve pulp vitality by pulp capping or partial pulpotomy in order to secure further root development. This treatment is also the treatment of choice in patients with closed apices. Calcium hydroxide compounds and MTA (white) are suitable materials for such procedures.
• In older patients with closed apices and an associated luxation injury with displacement, root canal treatment is usually the treatment of choice.